Terjemah Ktab Kifayatul Akhyar

Discussing worship, toharoh, prayer, fasting, zakat, hajj, buying and selling, pawning, renting, borrowing and borrowing, debts, endowments, grants, as well as discussing the UNDERSTANDING OF FARAIDH

Faraidh is the plural form of the word fariidhah. The word faridhah is taken from the word fardh which means destiny, provision. Allah Almighty says:

"(Then pay) half of the dowry you have determined." (QS al-Baqarah: 237).

Meanwhile, according to sharia terms, the word fardh is the part that has been determined for the heirs.

STRICT WARNING NOT TO EXCEED LIMITS IN INHERITANCE MATTER

Indeed, the Arabs during the Jahiliyah period, before Islam came, gave inheritance rights to men, and not to women, and to adults, and not to small children.

When Islam came, Allah Ta'ala gave everyone who had rights their rights. These rights are called "Wills from Allah" (QS an-Nisaa': 12). and is also called "Faridhah, decree from Allah" (QS an-Nisaa': 11). Then these two verses continue with the issue of strong warnings and serious threats for people who deviate from Allah's Shari'ah, especially in matters of inheritance. Allah Almighty says:

“(These laws) are provisions from Allah, whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, Allah will surely enter them into heaven where rivers flow, while they will remain eternal therein; and that's a big win. And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger and violates His provisions, Allah will surely put him in the fire of hell while he will remain there forever; and for him is a humiliating punishment." (QS an-Nisaa': 13-14).

THE PROPERTY OF THE DECEPT IS LEGITIMATELY A HERITAGE

When someone dies, the first thing that must be taken care of from his inheritance is the costs of preparing the body and burial, then paying off his debts, then completing his will, then if there is any remaining inheritance, it is distributed to all his heirs. Allah Almighty says:

"After fulfilling the will they made (and) after paying the debt." (QS an-Nisaa': 11).

And Ali ra's statement:

"The Messenger of Allah once decided to pay off debts before carrying out (the contents of) the will." (Hasan: Sahih Ibn Majah no: 2195, Irwa-ul Ghalil no: 1667, Ibn Majah II: 906 no: 2715 and Tirmidhi III: 294 no: 2205).

FACTORS THAT CAUSE TO GET AN INHERITANCE

There are three factors that cause someone to inherit:

fate

Allah Almighty says:

"And people who are related by blood to each other have more rights (inheritance)." (QS al-Ahzaab: 6) Wala' (Loyalty of a freed slave to the person who freed him):

From Ibn Umar from the Prophet SAW, he said, "al-Walaa' is kinship like kinship in the same vein." (Saheeh: Shahihul Jami'us Shaghir no: 7157, Mustadrak Hakim IV: 341, Baihaqi X: 292).

Allah SWT confirms:

"And to you (husband and wife) half of the property left by your wives." (QS an-Nisaa': 12)

CAUSES THAT BARRIER YOU FROM GETTING AN INHERITANCE

Murder

From Abu Hurairah ra from Rasulullah saw that he said, "The person who kills must not be the heir." (Saheeh: Shahihul Jami'us Shaghir no: 4436, Irwa-ul Ghalil no: 1672, Tirmidhi II: 288 no: 2192 and Ibn Majah II: 883 no: 2645).

Different religions

From Usamah bin Zaid ra that the Prophet SAW said, "A Muslim must not be the heir of an infidel nor should an infidel be the heir of a Muslim." (Muttafaqun 'alaih: Fathul Bari ).

Slavery

Because a servant and his property belong to his master, so if a relative gives him an inheritance, then it becomes his master's property too, not his own.