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孙膑兵法 icon

1.0 by Mini Bites


May 25, 2018

About 孙膑兵法

English

《孙膑兵法》是中国古代的最著名中原军事著作之一,也是《孙子兵法》后“孙子学派”的又一力作,是反映战国时期兵家思想的代表作之一《孙膑兵法》古称《齐孙子》作者为孙膑

庞涓辅佐魏惠王,做了将军,暗中派人请孙膑到了魏国,但见了孙膑又嫉妒他的才能在自己之上,后来陷害孙膑,给他用了膑刑,即去掉膝盖骨的残忍肉刑,所以后来人叫他孙膑。

在友人的帮助下,孙膑最后逃离魏国,到了齐国,被齐威王重用,做了齐国将军田忌的军师,设奇计大败魏军,并射死庞涓。后来,田忌被邹忌排挤,流亡到楚国,孙膑大概也随他而去,所以汉人王符说“孙膑修能于楚”。在战国的兵家中,孙膑是以“贵势”即讲求机变而著称的,他和吴起都是当时著名的军事家。

最早明确记载孙膑有兵法的是《史记》,《汉书·艺文志》把它与《吴孙子兵法》并列,著录《齐孙子》八十九篇、图四卷。据考证,《孙膑兵法》的散失大概在唐代以前。因为《魏武帝注孙子》提到了“孙膑曰:兵恐不投之于死地也”,唐朝赵蕤《长短经》卷九也提到过“孙膑曰:兵恐不可救”,杜佑所著《通典》卷一四九有“孙膑曰:用骑有十利”一段,但从《隋书·经籍志》以后就不见记载了。

1972年2月,山东临沂银雀山一号汉墓出土了竹简本的《孙膑兵法》,这使失传已久的古书得以重见天日。竹简本《孙膑兵法》经过认真整理,分为上、下两编,上编可以确定属于《齐孙子》的十五篇,包括《禽庞涓》、《见威王》、《威王问》和《陈忌问垒》等;下编是还不能确定属于《齐孙子》的论兵之作。竹简本篇数大大少于《艺文志》著录本,也不是完善的版本。

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Last updated on May 25, 2018

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