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Salmon the only family in the squad Salmoniformes. As a part of the family presented as anadromous and freshwater fish species. The most famous representatives salmon pink salmon chum sockeye coho salmon chinook trout whitefish cisco brook trout grayling taimen goldilocks. Well-known collective name of several different species trout.

Salmon are found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans as well as in fresh waters of the northern hemisphere in the middle and northern latitudes. The largest natural spawning salmon are located on Kamchatka Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Most salmon are valuable commercial fish. Active production is conducted not only for the value of red meat but also for the sake of red caviar.

Salmoniformes fish known from the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic era and are among the earliest ancestors of the bony fishes. Forms Salmoniformes fish in our time close to Clupeiformes up to the fact that the combined into one unit in some classifications. Especially since they were little distinguishable from Clupeiformes during the formation of species.

The first Clupeiformes which directly or indirectly serve as a reference group for all types of bony fish appeared about 137 million years ago in the Lower Cretaceous. During Cretaceous evolution took place and separation of teleosts in various forms. The bulk of our usual fish species developed in the Paleogene.

Body length from a few centimeters to 2 meters. Term life for several years in some species the average life expectancy is 15 years. Champions and the size and duration of life are sea trout reported fish weighing 105 kg length 250 cm.

According to its structure similar to the order Salmoniformes Clupeiformes. Moreover the family previously belong to the order Clupeiformes and only relatively recently allocated a separate detachment Salmoniformes.

Body long laterally compressed coated or circular edge having a comb easily deciduous cycloid scales. Unlike Clupeiformes have on the body side line. Ventral fins multipath are located in the middle of the belly breast low-seated no spiny fin rays. Dorsal fins are two the real and the next behind it opposite the anal fin a small fat plavnichok which is one of the characteristic features Salmoniformes.

Swimbladder typically connected channel with the esophagus. Mouth bordered on top by two pairs of bones premaxillary and maxillary. In the female oviducts are rudimentary or non-existent so that the maturing eggs falling out of the ovary in the body cavity. The intestine has numerous pyloric appendages. Most eyes are provided with transparent lids.

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