Биология

The best crib in biology! It contains material on all sections of the school course

The best biology cheat sheet!

Contains material for all sections of the school course.

The reference book will help to systematize knowledge, prepare for lessons, tests, as well as for the OGE and the Unified State Examination.

In the application you will find:

Biology as a science. Methods of scientific knowledge:

- Level organization and evolution

- Biological systems

Cell as a biological system

- Modern cell theory

- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

- Chemical composition of the cell

- Carbohydrates and lipids

- Proteins and nucleic acids

- Cell structure

- Metabolism and energy conversion

- Fermentation and respiration

- Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis

- Genetic information in a cell

- Biosynthesis of protein and nucleic acids

- Chromosomes, their structure and functions

- Cell life cycle

- Mitosis - division of somatic cells

- Meiosis

- Development of germ cells in plants and animals

The organism as a biological system

- Variety of organisms

- Methods of reproduction

- Fertilization in flowering plants and vertebrates

- Ontogeny

- Genetics, its tasks

- Chromosomal theory of heredity

- Laws of inheritance G. Mendel. Laws of T. Morgan

- Sex genetics. Gene Interaction

- Human genetics

- Patterns of variability

- Non-hereditary and hereditary variability

- Types of mutations

- Hereditary human diseases, their causes

- Selection, its tasks and methods, the law of homologous series

- Biotechnology. Cellular and genetic engineering, cloning

System and diversity of the organic world

- The diversity of organisms, the work of C. Linnaeus and J.B. Lamarck

- Kingdom of bacteria

- Mushroom Kingdom

- Lichens

- Plant Kingdom

- The structure and functions of plant organs

- Root, shoot, bud, stem, leaf

- flower, seed, fruit

- Vital activity of a plant organism

- plant reproduction

- Variety of plants

- Lower plants. Departments of algae

- Higher spore plants

- Higher seed plants

- Angiosperms

- The role of plants in nature and human life

- Unicellular

- Multicellular animals

- Flatworms

- Roundworms

- Annelids

- Shellfish

- Arachnids

- Insects

- Chordates

- Vertebrates

- Fishes

- Amphibians

- Reptiles

- Birds

- Mammals

The human body and its health

- Fabrics

- Digestive system

- Respiratory system

- excretory system

- Musculoskeletal system. Skeleton

- Muscles

- Integumentary system

- Circulatory system

- Lymphatic system

- Human reproduction and development

- The internal environment of the human body

- Blood groups

- Immunity

- Metabolism

- Vitamins

- Nervous system 146

- Endocrine system

- Analyzers. sense organs

- Organ of vision

- Organs of hearing, smell, taste and touch

- Higher nervous activity

- Sleep, its meaning. Consciousness, memory, emotions, speech, thinking

- Hygiene, healthy lifestyle

The evolution of wildlife

- View, its criteria. population. microevolution

- The evolutionary theory of Ch. Darwin

- Forms of natural selection. Types of struggle for existence

- Synthetic theory of evolution. Elementary Factors of Evolution

- Evidence of the evolution of wildlife

- Macroevolution. Directions and paths of evolution

- Hypotheses of the origin of life on Earth

- Major aromorphoses in the evolution of plants and animals

- Human appearance. Hypotheses of the origin of man

- Driving forces and stages of human evolution

- Human races, their genetic relationship

Ecosystems and their inherent patterns

- Habitats of organisms. Environmental factors, their significance

- Environmental factors: abiotic, biotic

- Anthropogenic factor

- Ecosystem and its components: producers, consumers, decomposers

- Ecosystem structure

- Trophic levels

- Circuits and power networks

- Ecological pyramid rules

- Diversity of ecosystems

- Self-development and change of ecosystems

- The biosphere is a global ecosystem.

- The teachings of V.I. Vernadsky about the biosphere

- Living matter, its functions

- Biological circulation and transformation of energy in the biosphere

- Evolution of the biosphere