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Basic Genetics Information

Cells are the body’s building blocks. Many different types of cells have different functions. They make up all of your body’s organs and tissues. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. DNA is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA).

“A field of science dealing with the study of DNA, genes, chromosomes and related alterations is known as genetics.”

In modern-day science, genetic studies comprise not only the study of DNA, genes and chromosomes but also protein-DNA interaction and other metabolic pathways associated with it.

In the present article, we are briefly introducing the genetics and common terminologies used. This article is only for beginners who are new to genetics.

The field of genetics was enlightened when Gregor Johann Mendel discovered the law of inheritance and the law of independent assortment during the years 1856-1863.

DNA, genes, and chromosomes are the major study focus in genetics. The DNA is a long chain, (more appropriately called the polynucleotide chain) of the nitrogenous bases having all the information of life.