Tanakh (Mikra) 1Chapter

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The Tanakh is the canonical collection of Jewish texts, which is also a textual source for the Christian Old Testament.

In three traditional subdivisions: Torah, Nevi'im ("Prophets") and Ketuvim ("Writings")

Torah (Pentateuch) consists of five books, commonly referred to as the "Five Books of Moses". Printed versions of the Torah are often called Chamisha Chumshei Torah and informally Chumash.

Bereshit Genesis

Shemot Exodus

Vayikra Leviticus

Bəmidbar Numbers

Devarim Deuteronomy

Books of Nevi'im

Joshua

Judges

Samuel

Kings

Isaiah

Jeremiah

Ezekiel

Hosea

Joel

Amos

Obadiah

Jonah

Micah

Nahum

Habakkuk

Zephaniah

Haggai

Zechariah

Malachi

Books of Ketuvim

Tehillim (Psalms)

Mishlei (Book of Proverbs)

Iyyôbh (Book of Job)

Shir Hashirim (Song of Songs or Song of Solomon)

Ruth (Book of Ruth)

Eikhah (Lamentations) [also called Kinnot in Hebrew]

Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes)

Ester (Book of Esther)

Danî’el (Book of Daniel)

Ezra (Book of Ezra & Book of Nehemiah)

Divrei ha-Yamim (Chronicles)

The Tanakh (/tɑːˈnɑːx/; Hebrew: תַּנַ"ךְ‎, pronounced [taˈnaχ] or [təˈnax]; also Tenakh, Tenak, Tanach) or Mikra or Hebrew Bible is the canonical collection of Jewish texts, which is also a textual source for the Christian Old Testament. These texts are composed mainly in Biblical Hebrew, with some passages in Biblical Aramaic (in the books of Daniel, Ezra and a few others). The traditional Hebrew text is known as the Masoretic Text. The Tanakh consists of twenty-four books.

Tanakh is an acronym of the first Hebrew letter of each of the Masoretic Text's three traditional subdivisions: Torah ("Teaching", also known as the Five Books of Moses), Nevi'im ("Prophets") and Ketuvim ("Writings")—hence TaNaKh. The name "Mikra" (מקרא), meaning "that which is read", is another Hebrew word for the Tanakh. The books of the Tanakh were passed on by each generation, and according to rabbinic tradition were accompanied by an oral tradition, called the Oral Torah.

There is no scholarly consensus as to when the Hebrew Bible canon was fixed: some scholars argue that it was fixed by the Hasmonean dynasty while others argue it was not fixed until the second century CE or even later.

According to the Talmud, much of the Tanakh was compiled by the men of the Great Assembly (Anshei K'nesset HaGedolah) (a task completed in 450 BCE) and has remained unchanged ever since.

The twenty-four book canon is mentioned in the Midrash Koheleth 12:12.

Language and pronunciation[edit]

The original writing system of the Hebrew text was an abjad: consonants written with some applied vowel letters ("matres lectionis"). During the early Middle Ages scholars known as the Masoretes created a single formalized system of vocalization. This was chiefly done by Aaron ben Moses ben Asher, in the Tiberias school, based on the oral tradition for reading the Tanakh, hence the name Tiberian vocalization. It also included some innovations of Ben Naftali and the Babylonian exiles. Despite the comparatively late process of codification, some traditional sources and some Orthodox Jews hold the pronunciation and cantillation to derive from the revelation at Sinai, since it is impossible to read the original text without pronunciations and cantillation pauses.[9] The combination of a text (מקרא mikra), pronunciation (ניקוד niqqud) and cantillation (טעמים te`amim) enable the reader to understand both the simple meaning and the nuances in sentence flow of the text.